Annual or perennial herbs or small subshrubs. Stems often 4-angled. Leaves opposite or in false whorls. Stipular sheath present, divided into 1-many fimbriae. Flowers bisexual, usually in axillary many flowered clusters (which may run together to form a spike-like inflorescence); less often in terminal capitula. Flowers frequently intermixed with numerous ± scarious, filiform bracteoles. Calyx lobes 2-4(-8). Corolla funnel-shaped or salver-shaped; lobes (3-)4. Stamens 4, anthers usually exserted. Ovary 2-locular. Fruit usually a 2-valved capsule. Worldwide: c. 150 - 250 species, mainly America, but also widespread in the tropics and subtropics Zambia: 22 taxa. |
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| Species | FZ divisions | Content |
| annua Verdc. [VU] | ||
| arvensis (Hiern) Good | C,E,S | |
| bangweolensis (R.E. Fr.) Verdc. [End] [VU] | Description, Image | |
| chaetocephala DC. | C,E,S | Description, Image |
| congensis (Bremek.) Verdc. | N,W | |
| dibrachiata Oliv. | B,N,W,C,E,S | Description, Image |
| filifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) J.-P. Lebrun & Stork | C,S | Description, Image |
| huillensis (Hiern) Good | W,S | |
| mauritiana Gideon | W | |
| natalensis Hochst. | W | Description, Image |
| perennis Verdc. var. fimbriolata Verdc. [VU] | ||
| perennis Verdc. var. perennis [VU] | ||
| phyteumoides Verdc. var. phyteumoides | ||
| princeae (K.Schum.) Verdc. | N,W,C,E | Description, Image |
| pusilla Wall. | B,N,W,C,E,S | Description, Image |
| quadrisulcata (Bremek.) Verdc. | B,N,W,C | |
| samfya Verdc. [DD] | ||
| senensis (Klotzsch) Hiern | B,N,W,C,E,S | Description, Image |
| sp. B | W | |
| sphaerostigma (A. Rich.) Vatke | N,W,C,E | Description, Image |
| subvulgata (K. Schum.) Garcia var. subvulgata | B,N,W,C,E,S | Description, Image |
| thymoidea (Hiern) Verdc. |